Performance Based Assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Execution Based Assessment - Essay Example This evaluation will concentrate on understudies from grade 2-12. The branch of knowledge will incorporate Mathematics and English and the quantity of understudies included will be 20, five of which will be ELLs. Broadly, individuals have the No Child Left Behind principle that was marked into law in December, 2001. Neighborhood and state territories have different guidelines, and students need to take normalized assessments to choose if they are meeting those guidelines. Pretty much every state needs some sort of assessment (Kuhlman, 2002). In Florida, schools have the Florida's Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT). Individuals instructing English to understudies who communicate in different dialects look at that as a solitary measure on one sort of test can't exactly resound understudy learning. State sanctioned tests decide, to a huge degree, learners’ information on the English language. In this manner, on the off chance that the learner’s level of comprehension is low, at that point the individual won't excel on the test yet being at the correct evaluation level of their local language (Valdez and O'Malley, 2010). English Language Learners take 5 to 7 years to contemplate scholastic language that is regularly exemplified as multifaceted, dynamic and substance explicit. It is proposed that instructors settle on choices established in various measures and not trust in a solitary grade (Kuhlman, 2002). Individuals consider that various estimates offer an increasingly exact picture of what students perceive and what they should deal with, that is their qualities and shortcomings. Subsequently, the objective of this arrangement is to make an exhibition based appraisal that will remember ELLs in addition to ordinary understudies for any study hall. Execution based appraisal contains the utilization of elective procedures, for example composing tests, portfolios, introductions, oral report and undertakings among others (Stiggins, 2005). This makes i t progressively solid since the instruments vary and the appraisal happens over some stretch of time. It is crucial when evaluation isn't done using different decision addresses exactly when there is ordinarily one right conceivable answer. Some core values for testing English Language Learners (ELLs) include: keeping away from troublesome inquiries; utilizing direct discourse in light of the fact that roundabout discourse confounds non-propelled understudies; testing what is educated; changing the multifaceted nature level (go from simple to troublesome); giving students clear guidelines; disclosing to the students, in simple language, what is required of them; monitoring social preference in making the test, just as in reviewing; giving examples and utilizing visuals to clarify bearings; giving kudos for what the student perceives; and allowing additional time than is normally allowed for local English speakers. It is, consistently, valuable when working with language students to create a test-agenda that an individual can allude before controlling a test (Kuhlman, 2002). Understudies will be required to sit in gatherings of four and one understudy must be an ELL. The exercise will run for 50 minutes for a three-day time frame. At the point when incorporated into the study hall occasions, developmental appraisal awards data required to revise learning and instructing while they are as yet occurring (Stiggins, 2005). Developmental appraisal fills in as path for a student to check for comprehension all through the learning method. Developmental appraisals direct instructors in settling on choices concerning future guidance (Valdez and O'Malley, 2010). Here are a few models, which may be utilized in

Capitalism Europe

Representatives changed financial exercises by figuring out how to exploit economic situations by implying effective systems of transportation and correspondence and by making an arrangement of directing the cost of an item dependent on flexibly and request. 4. The establishments that upheld early free enterprise were banks and business entities, for example, the English East India Company and their Dutch partner. 5. The Dutch and English upheld the development of free enterprise in light of the fact that the English East India Company and their Dutch partner were two huge exchanging organizations that spread the thoughts of private enterprise for a bigger scope than at any other time. . The Joint-stock organizations set p by the thoughts of free enterprise and the English/Dutch would be approved to overcome, investigate, and colonize far off terrains looking for business openings. In this manner, early private enterprise created with regards to Imperialism, as European people groups set up sustained exchanging posts Asia and provincial systems in both Southeast Asia and the Americas. Royal development was critical to the spread of free enterprise, since it empowered European dealers to get characteristic assets that would be dispersed. 7.Crafts and organizations had fixed costs and wages and they managed measures of value. They didn't look to acknowledge benefits, along these lines demoralizing rivalry and opposed mechanical development. 8. The putting out framework was framework in which industrialist business people conveyed incomplete materials to country family units where the craftsmans would complete a piece of the item in their homes (like a sequential construction system) and pass it on until the item was done and afterward it was providing for the business people, and afterward the craftsmans were paid for their work. 9.The preferences of the putting out framework were that as a result of the plenty of country work, business people spent moderately ti tle on compensation and benefitted significantly. 10. The putting out framework acquainted enormous totals of cash with the wide open which brought material advantages and upset the since quite a while ago settled examples of country life. The standard of country life rose drastically; family units obtained more products and rustic individuals wore more pleasant garments, ate better food, and drank better wine. People had the chance to become riches and quit depending on neighbors and family. Youthful grown-ups and ladies started to procure their own salaries. 11.In Eastern Europe needed urban areas so there was no option in contrast to working in the open country, o proprietors exploited on this circumstance by constraining laborers to work under amazingly unforgiving conditions while in Western Europe there were better working conditions and more urban areas. Western Europe was much better in contrast with Eastern Europe in the region of work. 12. Free enterprise presented moral d ifficulties. Medieval scholars accepted that benefit making was ethically risky, since profiteers looked furthering their own potential benefit as opposed to the government assistance of the bigger network. The Church looked at enthusiasm as an unmerited and improper benefit. 13.Adam Smith's reaction was that society uproarious succeed when people sought after their own monetary advantages. 14. In spite of the fact that Capitalism might not have essentially caused changes in family life, it urged improvements that assisted with characterizing the nature and job of the family. Free enterprise supported the family unit; it offered openings doe autonomous families to expand their riches. As these families turned out to be increasingly significant financially, their significance socially and sincerely expanded. Love turned out to be increasingly significant in marriage (not just reinforcing collusions) and guardians and their youngsters turned out to be progressively critical to family life.

Personal Narrative Essay Samples Free - Use Online Resources

Personal Narrative Essay Samples Free - Use Online ResourcesPersonal narrative essay samples free is all the rage these days and it can be just as rewarding as a paid course, but it can be easier. It just takes the right tools and guides to help you through it.You will probably have seen your friends or family members narrate a story that you like. They often do it while they are telling it to you. Even though you know the story, you still don't get it and you want to know how they got from point A to point B. This is what makes stories and personal narrative essay samples free so exciting to find.You can use them at the library, but they can be difficult to find. You might even find it hard to ask for the material, which is why you can save a lot of time and money by using online resources. You might have heard about online resources, but you might not know where to find them.You should try your local library and chances are that they will not have many resources online. The librari es tend to be on the commercial side and tend to be more about selling books and newspapers, than about teaching people how to become better writers. There might be a few writers in the library who read for a living and they can tell you that there are some online resources in the library to help you.Don't worry, that library has a few story or personal narrative essay samples free resources. You will probably have to pay for them to access them, but it is worth it. You might just find the perfect story or the perfect storyteller for your story.If you are a great writer or just interested in learning how to become one, you might want to find someone who can write a short story or a short essay for you. You can either hire someone to write it for you can write it yourself. You can find free resources online to help you with both of these. You will need to pick up the idea, but they can help you in the process.A story can really help you, no matter what your topic may be. It can inspi re you and make you think. You should find a way to connect with the audience in your story to inspire you.These stories are much like a manual for those who have just started out writing. With a little bit of practice, you can learn how to become an outstanding storyteller in no time. This is what makes personal narrative essay samples free so important.

Learn Mandarin Chinese Travel Vocabulary

Traveling abroad, whether for business or pleasure, is a wonderful way to expand your horizons. Being able to experience other cultures first-hand is a valuable experience that adds an extra dimension to your outlook on life. Besides being exposed to new sights and new food, foreign travel also gives you the chance to communicate in another language. China and Taiwan are great places to practice your Mandarin Chinese because relatively few people speak English. Practice Before You Leave Since Mandarin is one of the harder languages to learn, give yourself plenty of study time before your trip. With its tones and written characters, Mandarin can be more challenging than other Western languages. If you can master the tones and a few simple phrases, however, doors will open when you visit China, Taiwan, Singapore or Malaysia, making your visit all the more rewarding. This vocabulary list of traveling words and phrases will come in handy when you first arrive, and also for traveling around the country. Click on the links in the Pinyin column to hear the audio files. English Pinyin Traditional Characters Simplified Characters airport fi j chng train station hu ch zhn bus station gng chzhn bus stop gng ch tngko zhn plane fi j train hu ch bus q ch shuttle bus ji b ch taxi j chng ch boat chun ticket pio return ticket li hu pio boarding pass dng j zhng check in dngj passport h zho timetable sh k bio gate dng j mn Where can I buy a ticket? Zi nli mi pio? ? ? How much is a ticket to ? Y zhng do ... de pio du sho qin? ...? ...? I would like a ticket to .. W mi y zhng do ... de pio. ... ...

Nutrition Correlation Between The Percentage Of Salt

Mathematical Exploration Nutrition: Correlation between the percentage of salt in food and their calories Fee-Kristin Thuir INDEX: - Design o Introduction...................................................................................p.3 o Hypothesis .....................................................................................p.3 o Aim.....................................................................................................p.3 o Nutrition Labels...........................................................................p.4 - Collected data o Food that contain salt................................................................p.5 †¢ High-salted food †¢ Food that can be high in salt o Data processing........................................................................p.7-9 o Data presentation.....................................................................p.10 - Conclusion o Interpretation.............................................................................p.12 - Bibliography...........................................................................................p.13 Theme: Correlation between the percentage of salt in food and their calories – good nutrition? Introduction Nowadays, eating healthy is getting more important every year. Therefore the awareness of food labels and how we can eat healthy gains importance. But many people around theShow MoreRelatedNutrition : Correlation Between The Percentage Of Salt1113 Words   |  5 Pages Mathematical Exploration Nutrition: Correlation between the percentage of salt in food and their calories Fee-Kristin Thuir â€Æ' INDEX: - Design o Introduction...................................................................................p.3 o Hypothesis .....................................................................................p.3 o Aim.....................................................................................................p.3 o Nutrition Labels....................Read MorePoverty And Health : Low Income Limits Choices Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesmillions of Americans by limiting their choices to cheap and unhealthy foods. It also limits the physical access to healthy food choices as it relates to diet costs and reliable access to the proper resources, which in turn creates a direct correlation between poverty which leads to obesity, as well as other diseases. â€Å"The biggest enemy of health in the developing world is poverty† (Annan). It creates ill-health conditions which forces individuals to live in certain unpleasant environments withoutRead MoreThe School Breakfast Program For Children1690 Words   |  7 Pagesdeveloping nations, malnutrition and hunger are concerns even in the United States. Millions of children across the country live in homes where food is scarce and meals are skipped on a regular basis. Because research supports the connection between nutrition, good health, and cognitive ability, it is critical that methods of addressing food shortages for minor children be found. One solution, the School Breakfast Program, seeks to provide healthy breakfast meals for children in public schools inRead MoreCardiovascular Disease ( Cvd ), High Blood Pressure, Congestive Heart Failure1662 Words   |  7 Pagesdetect if there is any relationship between awareness of cardiovascular risk factors and healthy behavior. A survey was used in conducting the research with patient ages of 40 years and older in five different clinics. Their demographic, health behavior management, comorbidities and awareness of all the modifiable risk factors such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, high cholesterol, diabetes and others were used for the measurement. There was an association between awareness and healthy behavior;Read MorePaper2159 Words   |  9 Pagesincreasing worldwide. Experts estimate that 1 in 5 kids between the ages of 6 and 17 are overweight. That means that as they get older they will be more at risk for diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart related diseases. Things that we used to associate with older people are now affecting younger and younger children. There are many reasons for this rise in obesity and this paper will look at a few of them. My goal is to show a correlation between what children are doing and how it affects theirRead MoreObesity is a Widespread Epidemic Essay1509 Words   |  7 Pagesthick glass. How likely is it that he’ll walk past and instead choose a nice crunchy carrot over his Cheetos? Simple choices like these add up over time to make up a lifestyle of habits. A child’s diet is the building block to their health and the nutrition that they intake at school is vital to the rest of their life. Despite previous efforts to reduce the abundance of junk food within school lunch programs, there is still a great need to rethink the availability of caffeine and snacks, saturated inRead MoreHypertension : High Blood Pressure2401 Words   |  10 Pagesabnormally high blood pressure; a diet high in salt may predispose to hypertension. An increase in levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure has been associated with an increased risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebral vascular disease (stroke) and peripheral vascular disease. Within the western countries, those associated with a higher economic status, hyper tension accounts for around 17% of deaths. A positive correlation between intake of sodium and hypertension rates has beenRead More Childhood Obesity Reduction Health Promotion Plan Essay3344 Words   |  14 Pagesprogram would be most appropriate to address would be childhood nutritional health and fitness. I came to this conclusion after careful data analysis. Of the county’s adults (18+) 77% ate less than five servings of fruits and vegetables per day, this percentage is so high likely because of attitudes and habits these adults picked up when they were children. The second largest age demographic in the county is children aged 10 to 17 are overweight, six percent more than the state average, 88% of childrenRead MorePabasa Sa Nutrisyon: It’s Effect on the Level of Knowledge of Mothers Nutritional Status of 0-6 Years Old Children7310 Words   |  30 PagesManila, School of Health Sciences Palo, Leyte In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Medicine By: Felicilda, Maybelle S. Paganpan, Mary Michelle R. Venus, Merry Chris C. Yanto, Ramon G. 2012 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Nutrition is recognized as a basic human right, vital to the survival, growth and development of children according to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF). Despite this pronouncement, however, malnutrition continues to claim millions of lives, withRead MoreGmo s Are Good Or Bad?2083 Words   |  9 Pagesbenefits of GMO s. †¢ First, GMO s can benefit society by creating organisms such as plants that are resistant to disease, pests and weeds. Producing food with longer shelf life and texture. †¢ Secondly, Providing a favorable environment such as reducing salt salinity. †¢ Lastly, creating sustainability such as edible vaccinations and medicine. With the increase amount of population and poverty around the world we have today, GMO foods can help save the world population from feeding the malnourished, preventing Nutrition Correlation Between The Percentage Of Salt Mathematical Exploration Nutrition: Correlation between the percentage of salt in food and their calories Fee-Kristin Thuir INDEX: - Design o Introduction...................................................................................p.3 o Hypothesis .....................................................................................p.3 o Aim.....................................................................................................p.3 o Nutrition Labels...........................................................................p.4 - Collected data o Food that contain salt................................................................p.5 †¢ High- salt food †¢ Food that can be high in salt o Data†¦show more content†¦Moreover Calories also play an important role in a health-conscious nutrition. Calories are a unit to measure energy in our food, it is sometimes written in kilocalories (kcal) or in Kilojoules (kj). The majority are focused on Calories and how many Calories they are allowed to take in. The Average amount of Calories a man needs per day is 2500 kcal, women in contrast need an average of 2000 kcal. Nevertheless the amount of calories needed differs from person to person. To decrease your intake of salt you don t have to cut back the amount of salt you add to your food, because most of the salt we are taking in ( -75%) is already in food, such as bread, breakfast cereal and ready meals which we are eating everyday. To really cut down, you need to become aware of the salt that is already in foods you buy, and choose lower-salt options. Therefore my Research Question was developed: How does the percentage of salt in food affect the calories? It is supported by the following Hypothesis: The amount of salt, which is in food or meals, affects their calories. The aim of my Exploration was to prove my Hypothesis right In my Exploration I will use the Bivariate Analysis. The bivariate analysis is competent with the relationship between two pairs of variables in a data set and how they affect each other. It succeeds through data collection and comparison of the independent and

Eye contact Essay - 1485 Words

A common phrase used about the eyes is that, â€Å"the eyes are the window to the soul.† This phrase is not necessarily true; however, it gives a good perspective on how people use eyes to judge a person’s character. First of all, eye contact is a great communication tool and can be used effectively in social situation. Second, a teacher can use eye contact to help their interaction with students. Third, employers want a future employee to have good eye contact to know that the employee is listening and will understand the job they are asked to perform. Eye contact is important and can determine a person’s true thoughts and opinions. The use of eye contact in socializing is important. Social Situations Eye contact can determine a person’s†¦show more content†¦There are people with high self-esteem and people with low self-esteem. People with low self-esteem and people with high self-esteem have different eye contact reactions when they receive news. People with high self-esteem reduce eye contact and avoid it when they are receiving news they do not like or do not want to hear, however, they have excellent eye contact while receiving good news (Greene Frandsen, 1979). People with low self-esteem are on the opposite end of the spectrum, they increase eye contact with bad news and decrease eye contact with good news (Greene Frandsen, 1979). The eyes can even have conversations of their own in social situations. You can be saying one thing and your eyes could be saying another. You can use your eyes to tell people things that you do not want to say out loud. People use their eyes to help in the turn taking in a conversation; they just use their eyes to show that they are anxious to talk or are tired of talking and wish the other person would chime in (Comadena, 1990). The eyes are a dangerous tool to use in social situations. They can be used effectively or can be confused with staring or gawking. People do not always like to be looked at, even if the intentions are good. There are two types of people, people that feel they need to be stared at and thoseShow MoreRelatedEye Contact And Nonverbal Communication962 Words   |  4 PagesEye Contact in Nonverbal Communication Another important aspect of nonverbal communication process is eye contact. In America, eye contact is very important but it is different in some cultures and countries. For example, Muslims often lower their graze and try to not focus on the opposite sex features except for the hands and face. In fact, lustful glances to those of the opposite sex is prohibited in their cultural. In addition, the Japanese culture view eye contact differently. According to (SITE)Read MoreNonverbal Messages And Its Effect On Communication Essay872 Words   |  4 PagesTwo people are having a conversation in which one person is talking and asking questions while the other remains silent or gives her/him the â€Å"silent treatment.† Topics covered in scenario; Spatial Messages, Eye messages, Encoding skills, Decoding skills Script for skit; Gabe; Alright, so today as a group we are going to demonstrate the nonverbal messages involved in silence, how it affects communication, and show the proper way to handle a situation in which the other person is giving the â€Å"silentRead More Nonverbal Communication Essay850 Words   |  4 PagesThey prefer face to face conversation than women do.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Oculescis is defined as eye behavior, eye contact, a way of listening and a way of communicating to others. Research states that â€Å"The complexity of human nonverbal communication may be illustrated by the physical face and the eyes.† The face is a primary expresser of emotions. Research also states that â€Å"The study of oculesics, are the pupils of the human eye. Which shows that a human responds variously to many different situations?† StudiesRead MoreObservation Report : Concrete Observation1671 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"We should do something slick.† While speaking, Tyler made direct eye contact with me. Once finished speaking, he leaned back to the right side of his chair and adjusted his body by pulling himself further back into the seat. Adam began running his fingers through his beard before saying, â€Å"It is a very hard conversation to have.† Once Adam finished speaking, Gracie nodded her head without saying anything. Tyler and I made eye contact again for approximately three seconds. Will adjusted himself in hisRead MoreCross Cultural Differences Nonverbal Communication Essay919 Words   |  4 Pagesassociated with them. The second two relate to discourse structure: The Finger Bunch, which is similar to the ‘purse hand’ in form, marks ‘topic’ as distinct from ‘comment’; the Ring, in which the tips of the index finger and thumb are brought into contact forming a circle, marks the ‘locality’ of a unit in relation to the theme. Emblems, in particular, tend to differ by culture. Emblems are gestures that substitute for language. Examples of emblems include waving hand to say â€Å"hello† or â€Å"goodbye†, noddingRead MoreVerbal And Non Verbal Communication1018 Words   |  5 Pagesphysical reaction prior to registering what the phrase meant and then acting it out. They compared the brain activity to the physical activity to see how the physical affected the mental and vice versa. â€Å"I am like an open book, but you should have the eye to read me.† [Saeed Ahmed] Have you ever been told that you’re an open book? I have, but I have never stopped to ask why. Why do people believe this about me? Is it because my body tells you so? Is it because before I even have a chance to process whatRead MoreDemonstrative Communication Essay example846 Words   |  4 Pagesmessages. These messages exchange thoughts or information in a verbal or nonverbal, written or visual manner. Verbal communication consists of oral and written messages, where nonverbal communication consist of facial expressions, body posture, eye contact, and or hand gestures. â€Å"Non verbal communication entails communicating by sending and receiving wordless messages. These messages usually reinforce verbal communication, can stand alone, and convey messages on its own† (Nayab, 2011). TheRead MoreVerbal Communication : Nonverbal Communication1428 Words   |  6 Pages Paper Two months ago I use to perceive that rolling eyes, shrugging shoulders, and nodding head etc. are just the attitude of people. The real communication is just based on the words we communicate with each other to deliver our messages and intentions. However, after taking this class it is quite clear to me that communication is not just verbal communication but nonverbal as well. After taking this course, I have become able to understand the nonverbal aspects in each and every communicationRead MoreCommunication Occurs Everyday With People At Work Or Home909 Words   |  4 Pages Improving a person’s nonverbal communication can take several steps and include several nonverbal areas. Nonverbal communication has several different areas that are used everyday when people talk. These areas include body movement, posture, eye contact, voice language, personal space, and facial expressions. Theses nonverbal areas are used while talking and listening to other people to send messages. According to Nonverbal Communication: Improving Your Nonverbal Skills And Reading Body LanguageRead MorePersonal Space And Body Language : Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Essay1142 Words   |  5 PagesThis paper was prepared for Management 170 Managerial Communication during the Fall Term 2016 Personal Space and Body Language: Nonverbal Communication Across Cultures Introduction Nonverbal communication is a major factor in every conversation. Eye contact, posture, and personal space determine how verbal communication is interpreted. Learning to use and understand nonverbal communication effectively is extremely important, but can be challenging when one is speaking to someone of a different culture

Cloning Essay Example For Students

Cloning Essay Many have imagined what it would be like to have a clone of themselves. Many have also feared the thought of having a clone. Due to popular belief that a clone would be an exact duplicate. An incorrect presumption made by many. Proceeding along side is the religious beliefs and the controversial ethicality and morality aspects of human cloning. A stance taken by many religions and their congregations. In reality the public has a very narrow sense of what human cloning is. Rather than research and understand the scientific aspect of human cloning, they instead take faith in what the media and movies portray human cloning to be. It is from this information source that a majority base their decision on weather human cloning is ethical or unethical. Human cloning is a new challenge for science and that by pursuing it we will become enlightened in who and what the human being is and its true potential. The truth is that despite the many claims of religious leaders and anti-cloning protest ers, human cloning may truly be the key to curing all disease and cancers that have plagued humans from the, dawn of human. The questions is, Do the benefits of human cloning out weigh the risks and ethicality of society? Lee M. Silver, a professor of molecular biology at Princeton University, wrote Cloning Misperceptions, from Remaking Eden: Cloning and Beyond in a Brave New World. Silver asks, Why do four out five Americans think that human cloning is morally wrong? Silver answers by pointing out that people have a very muddled sense of what human cloning is. This accredited to the fact many people perceive what they see in the media and movies and associate it with reality. For example, the movie Multiplicity where a man has himself cloned and then his clone makes a clone of itself this happens two more times and each time a clone was made it became less intelligent. This brings up his next point which was depicted in the movie Blade Runner, many people believe a human clone woul d not have a soul, because it would be a replication of a living thing that is still in existence. Which is not true since a clone child is conceived and birthed like any normal child would, from a mothers womb. And just like any other child, the clone would have a mind and personality of its own. He then informs the reader of possibility of Brave New World Scenario being put into effect. Presenting the idea of a rogue government creating an army of elite clone soldiers or to create a totalitarian society. Silver concludes that this scenario is of low probability due the fact that it would require that cooperation of many women in order to birth to these soldier or totalitarian clones. Silvers article is agreeable considering the fact that many people believe what they see in the media and movies, many are not willing to research the subject of cloning to find out what it is. Instead they let the media and movies decide weather cloning is right or wrong. In actuality seventy percent of the time the media and movies are bias, only showing one aspect of human cloning. Which unfortunately happens to be the negative aspect, because it makes the most money in television and movie ratings. Then there is the claim made by many that human clones are soulless vessels which is completely incorrect. Once taken into consideration the human cloning process is quite similar to that of invitro fertilization, both take place outside of the females body and both embryos are then placed into the mother where they are conceived, within nine months a child is born just like any other child. Since cloning brings up the possibility of clone armies or totalitarian cloned states created by rogue Governments, it should be pointed out that these scenarios are highly unlikely. Considering that a government would have to gain control of many women to birth these clones. The article, The Risks of Human Cloning Outweigh the Benefits is, from Cloning Human Beings: Reports and Recommendation s of the National Bioethics Advisory Commission. The National Bioethics Advisory Commission (NBAC) believes the risks that would be involved in producing a child via somatic cell nuclear transfer would out weigh the benefits. Using Dolly the Sheep as an example, NBAC explains that it is important to recognize that the technique used to produce Dolly was not successful until after 277 attempts. The commission proposed that cloning a child would interfere with the childs individuality or human right to a unique identity. A point was brought up concerning the potential harm to important social values, presenting the idea that cloning would only objectify children and encourage the attitude that children are objects. Stating that cloned children would only be based on how close they come to meeting parental expectations instead of being loved for their sake. Another concern was the possibility of cloning being used for eugenic purposes. By having genes removed and added to the donor DNA until the desired human traits were assembled into the perfect genome. The conclusion that was derived by the commission was that cloning is unethical, due to the fact that such techniques are unsafe at this current time. The NBAC does present some very important points that describe the risks of cloning a child, but the fact is there will always be risks weather the technology used is primitive or advanced. Not doing it all is risk in itself, in that prohibiting cloning could deny the human species the key to finding the cure for all diseases and cancers. The concerns on weather cloned children will treated like objects is neither agreeable nor disagreeable for there is no evidence that gives insight in to how a parent or parents would treat a cloned child. The concern on weather the possibility of eugenics is agreeable, but hopefully for our sake eugenics will be taken as far as to only be used for therapeutical reasons, in order to remove cancer causing genes and other genes tha t would either disable or disfigure a child. Artificial Intelligence EssayThe last argument is one of religious aspects on why cloning should not be done. The two main reasons is that most people believe that we should not be playing God when it comes to cloning and that belief that cloning is unnatural. Along with the question pertaining to do we sacrifice a life in order to further human existence or do we deny humans the right to new life saving medical technologies created by cloning. Many people believe that cloning is against Gods will because cloning replicates an already existing life form and that we should not be playing God. Yet in modern medicine we play God all the time, instead of leaving matters to Nature. The fact that we use invitro fertilization or that we try to keep a 700-gram newborns alive instead of letting nature take its course and where culture and religion permit, use donor sperm, eggs, or embryos. So the question is why is cloning different from other reproductive technologies? The fact is that we having been playing God for a long time now matter of fact since the day we created modern medicine. There will always be risks in the medical field no matter what this should not stop humans from exploring human cloning and the many technologies that would follow it. Human cloning truly has many benefits such the ability to reverse the aging process or instead of waiting for a transplant organ it could be cloned using a stem cell. Or by allowing an infertile couple to have a child or for a child to be replaced after an untimely death. What having the ability to reverse the effects of a heart attack by injecting healthy heart cells into the damaged areas. Condemnation of this new technology could be denying human beings the key to finding the a cure for all diseases and cancers. And the enlightenment of who and what we are.The truth is that human clones are just has human as any one else and do not deserve to be treated like second rate citizens. Clones have souls too and are autono mous individuals with their conscience and personalities. Parents need to be given more credit in that they would not objectify their cloned children, but love them unconditionally. Cloning should not be condemned, due to fear for the unknown, but should be explored to benefit human kind and enlighten us on who and what we are. Human cloning is a new frontier that will have its own obstacles and walls to climb over, go around, or go under. Human cloning will be cherished and prized for what it has brought humanity, new medical technologies, along with cures for disease and cancer. Unfortunately it is inevitable, but a sacrifice will be made some where as with many past medical advancements.Words/ Pages : 2,109 / 24

Research Paper on Magical Realism Essay Example

Research Paper on Magical Realism Essay Magical realism is a term used by literary criticism and art criticism since 1925 to account for productions where elements collected and decreed as â€Å"magical,† â€Å"supernatural,† and â€Å"irrational† arise in an environment defined as â€Å"realistic† namely in a historical, geographical, and cultural linguistic context probable, and rooted in a recognizable reality. This term is mostly associated today to certain works or authors of the few Latin American authors of twentieth century as the Mexicans Juan Rulfo and Carlos Fuentes, Argentines Julio Cortazar and Adolfo Bioy Casares, Bolivian Jaime Saenz, or Colombian Gabriel Garcia Marquez awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1982. His novel One Hundred years of Solitude published in 1967 is often cited as exemplary. The origin of this term and its scope is much broader, however, because it was used to describe a wide variety of novels, poems, paintings, and films as well as to define different styles, aesthetics, genres, trends, movements, and schools, both in Europe and America, and expanded, in the newer way, to world literature. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Magical Realism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Magical Realism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Magical Realism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The term â€Å"magic realism† was defined for the first time in 1925 by the German art critic Franz Roh in his book to describe four of the seven new trends he distinguished in the European pictorial production of the 1920s, in addition to the still dominant styles of impressionism and expressionism. However, the designation of â€Å"magical realism† was going to be retained in reference to some German, Flemish or Italian writers, such as Ernst Junger, Jean Ray, Hubert Lampo, Johan Daisne, and Massimo Bontempelli. Moving to North Europe writers and scholarship from North or South America (such as Jorge Luis Borges) will allow the importation of the oversea concepts. Thanks to the Spanish translation of a Roh’s book in 1928, the term â€Å"realismo magico† gradually became popular in the first Latin American literary circles and from 1955 among Hispanic literature professors in American universities. Meanwhile, the launch of the competing notion of â€Å"real maravilloso† in 1948 by the Cuban writer Alejo Carpentier in the prologue to his novel The Kingdom of this world introduced some confusion still causing critical discourse today and prompted the creation of the term â€Å"wonderful realism† in the Caribbean and Brazilian literary circles. Wonderful or magical realism generally aims to capture reality through painting daily life to reveal the fabulous substance, irrational, sometimes expending reality to the level of myth. They propose a vision of reality renewed and expanded by taking into account the share of strangeness, irrationality, oddity, or mystery that the existence and the human mind contain. The traditional concept of â€Å"realism† is exceeded by the intervention of the fantastic into the work without changing the status of latter. Free example research papers on magical realism are a good way to understand the procedure of the research proposal writing. At EssayLib.com writing service you can order a custom research paper on Magical Realism topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all research paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Learning and Favorite Academic Subject Essays

Learning and Favorite Academic Subject Essays Learning and Favorite Academic Subject Paper Learning and Favorite Academic Subject Paper Speaking section Many iBT speaking questions ask you to talk about things that you enjoy, things that you value, or things that you are good at. Practice with the following topics. Be sure to support your response with specific reasons and details. You have 15 seconds to prepare and 45 seconds to speak. 1. What is your favorite hobby? 2. Describe a talent you have 3. What is a good book that you would recommend? 4. What is your favorite season of the year? 5. Explain about an object that is very special in your life. 6. Describe a holiday you enjoy celebrating 7. What is a possession you value highly? 8. What is your favorite method of transportation? 9. Where is your favorite park or public space? 10. What famous person would you most like to meet1. Describe an interesting trip you’ve taken. 2. What is a difficult problem you’ve had to overcome? 3. What is your favorite memory of childhood? 4. Explain an important lesson you’ve learned in life. 5. Describe a special opportunity that was given to you. 6. Describe a place that you liked to go when you were young. 7. What is something you regret? 8. Explain about a time when you felt very happy. . What was the most enjoyable day of your life? 10. Describe an event that has changed you in some way. TALKING ABOUT THE PLACE YOU LIVE 1. Describe your hometown. 2. What is something about your country that makes you proud? 3. If a visitor came to your country, where would you take them? 4. If you could give a gift to your friend that is symbolic of your country, what would you gi ve them? 5. Introduce a game from your country, and explain why you like to play it. 6. Where is a place in your hometown that you go to relax? 7. If you could visit any country, where would you go? 8. What is the most important room in your house? 9. Explain why your hometown is or isn’t a good place to live. 10. If a friend came to your country to visit, what meal would you prepare1. Describe an interesting class you’ve taken. 2. Describe some qualities of a good teacher. 3. What are some good ways to learn English? 4. What is your favorite academic subject? 5. Should cell phones be banned from classrooms? 6. Should non-academic classes like art and music they be removed from the curriculum? 7. Besides teaching the basic subjects, what are some ways that school shapes children? 8. Explain about the best teacher you ever had. 9. What is something useful that you learned in school? 10. If you take any class on any subject, what would you study and why What is your idea of the perfect job? 2. Describe a skill you want to learn. 3. How will your life be different in 5 years? 4. Describe your ideal marriage partner. 5. What is a job you admire, but don’t necessarily want to do? 6. What is a skill needed for future success? 7. Describe a trip you are planning to take. 8. Explain what you want to accomplish in the future. 9. In what type of climate would you like to live, and why? 0. What are some things people can do to stay healthy? 1. Explain about a person who has influenced you in some way 2. Describe some qualities of a good friend. 3. What is the best way for parents to discipline their children? 4. What kind of people do you like to meet? 5. Describe a person you admire, and explain why you admire this person. 6. What are some characteristics of a good neighbor? 7. Should children help with the housework? 8. Which parent do you take after the most? 9. Describe someone you enjoy talking with. 10. What is something important that your parents taught you1. If you could solve any problem in the world, what would it be? 2. What are some ways that you can help reduce pollution? 3. Should cars be banned from city centers? 4. How should people who send spam (computer junk mail) be punished? 5. Should people be allowed to clone their pets? 6. Describe how transportation will be different in the future. 7. Describe some ways in which homelessness could be fought. 8. What do you feel is one of mankind’s greatest inventions? 9. Should genetically modified food be sold in supermarkets? 10. What is the most serious problem in the world these days

Business Ethics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Ethics - Research Paper Example An exemplification of this structure exists with respect to the way in which joint oversight is shared between teams and continual peer review is practiced. Essentially, David Pinder established this organizational structure as a means of ensuring that a certain individual or group of individuals did not have total and complete oversight with respect to the way in which projects were accomplished and work was performed (XIAOJUN 383). By diversifying the overall level of the review and overview process, he was able to effectively ensure that a further level of ethical standard was implemented within the firm and individuals were held accountable for all decisions that were made. Additionally, even though this structure is of course evident, other business leaders would have been satisfied with the ethical norms and standards that have thus far been put forward. However, in David’s case, he was specifically interested in promoting an even further level of ethics by ensuring that he maintained an open door policy that would allow stakeholders to discuss pertinent issues with him at any time; should they feel they are relevant to the continued success of the firm or their continued happiness as an employee. In terms of the actual steps that David Pinder has taken in order to ensure that an ethical culture is established, it should be understood by the reader that the immediate establishment of vision and philosophy, as well as ground rules and expectations for how employees understood their roles and responsibilities with the central element of establishing the steps that ensured this ethical culture. Essentially, the priorities that were established prior to any work being performed were concentric upon respect, dignity, happiness, and engagement (Li et al. 830). As can be noted, none of these are concentric on profit. The establishment of vision and

Leadership, Effective Leaders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Leadership, Effective Leaders - Essay Example It is importnt tht competing demnds nd pproches not prlyze mngers but insted provide cumultive nd integrtive improvements to ledership effectiveness. In view of bove, current pper provides impiricl pproch towrd the concpet of ledership. Bsing on the book of Chrles Mnz nd Henry Sims, The New SuperLedership, where the principl of self-ledership is peoneered, present discussion covers theorieticl review nd prcticl impliction of types of ledership. It is the im of this pper to present new content nd exmples designed to help leders develop the kind of utonomous, quick-recting workforce necessry to thrive in these turbulent times. I first introduce the theory of ledership styles. Through the discussion of two types of ledrship, I grdully comme to the discussion of effective ledership techniques nd end up with personl model of ledership. Using the exmples of two leders this pper is gret reflection of efficient nd inefficient pproch to ledership. Drwing on contemporry exmples nd profiles, mny from the high-tech nd informtion sectors, Mnz nd Sims shtter the myth of the trditionl, ggrndized versions of "heroic" ledership. They show tht leder truly becomes successful by turning followers into extrordinry self-leders-pillrs of strength tht will support the orgniztion t every level. They detil series of ction-oriented steps through which the SuperLeder provides n opportunity for followers to express nd develop their own ledership skills-nd in the process become highly motivted, dynmic contributors. The typology of ledershi introduced by uthors describes four brod ledership rchetypes: strongmn, trnsctor, visionry hero, nd SuperLeder. The strongmn relies on uthority nd coercion to mke subordintes perform the tsks. Coercion, s mens of influencing the behvior of others, depends upon the expecttion of specified positive or negtive consequences. Coercive power requires tht the expecttion of consequences be reproduced consistently. The continued ppliction of these consequences is usully enough to ensure tht others' behvior will continue to be influenced. Coercion is esy to estblish but costly to mintin since the expecttions of others must be met if their behvior is going to be influenced beyond the previous instnce. uthority is the opposite: it is difficult to estblish but once in plce it is highly effective mens of influencing behvior since specific consequences, nd the inculction of the expecttion of them, re not required. While often considered relic of pst mngeril prctice, mny contemporry leders still employ this uthoritrin style. The trnsctor uses rewrds nd snctions to motivte employees. Positive reinforcement not only shpes behvior but lso teches nd in the process enhnces personl self-imge s Chrles Mnz nd Henry Sims note, the wy the reinforcement is crried out is more importnt thn the mount. First, it ought to be specific, incorporting s much informtion content s possible. Second, the reinforcement should hve immedicy. Third, the system of feedbck mechnisms should tke ccount of chievbility. Compnies should rewrd smll wins. Good news swpping is common in the excellent compnies. The fourth chrcteristic is tht fir mount of the feedbck comes in the form of intngible but meningful ttention from top mngement. The third type, visionry hero, uses inspirtion nd vision to motivte employees. SuperLeders ccomplish this by encourging individuls to set their own gols, monitor

How is childhood presented in Games at Twilight Essay Example for Free

How is childhood presented in Games at Twilight Essay There are many similarities between the ways that childhood is presented in these two short stories. When acting as a group, the children are frequently portrayed as cruel and aggressive. In The Red Ball the young boy is given a variety of cruel names by other children due to his thin frame, for example Thinny Boney and Match-stick foot. This shows the brutal honesty of children of a young age. In Games at Twilight the children are rough and belligerent, shown by the shoves became harder and the frequent quarrelling of the children over who will be It in their game of hide and seek. In Games at Twilight the children are frequently shown in an animalistic light. The authors use of vocabulary reveals this, for example wild, maniacal, and snarling. Words such as prey, stalked and pounded relate to hunting in the animal kingdom, and therefore reinforce the authors portrayal of children as animalistic. In The Red Ball Bolan is said to have waited like a small animal, so children are again compared to animals. The fact that the children in both stories play their games in large groups could represent the packs that animals exist in in the wild. By using animalistic images the authors are able to reinforce their portrayal of children as cruel and aggressive. Childish games seem to hold great significance to the children in both stories. In Games at Twilight the author says that the children are desperate to start their business the business of the childrens day which is play. By making the children in the story so dependent on games the author suggests that the children have basic, immature values, since play is not an adult business. In The Red Ball games also hold a great significance for the children it is Bolans ability to play cricket well that gains him acceptance amongst the other children. It is obvious that friendships are built when games are participated in, as Bolan steals money from his parents to buy a red cricket ball in order to be more highly thought of by his friends. It is interesting to see that the games in both of the stories are carried out outdoors. In The Red Ball the author writes the boys played cricket until the fireflies came out. In Games at Twilight Raghu is described as crashing and storming in the hedge wilder. Thus the children in both stories are more closely linked to nature, reinforcing the authors portrayal of them as animals. In both stories the main characters are portrayed as outcasts. In The Red Ball the young boy watches other children play cricket from the outskirts of the park, and in Games at Twilight young Ravi hides alone, only to find that the other children have quite forgotten him. The difference between the stories is that the young boy in The Red Ball is eventually accepted by his peers and revered by them he becomes their star bowler and therefore essential for their game. In Games at Twilight we are led to believe that Ravi will eventually be accepted by the other children for winning the game of hide and seek he smiled to himself at the thought of so much victory. However Ravi never achieves such victory as the other children forget about him having disappeared from the scene, he had disappeared from their minds. Clean. By using such a short sentence, clean, the author is stressing the fact that Ravi was forgotten by his peers, and therefore emphasises his insignificance to the other children; he is bottom of the pecking order. In Games at Twilight young Ravi is portrayed as rather unintelligent and cowardly. He is frequently described as fearful Ravi shook with fear. His desperation to be accepted by his siblings shows that he is not highly thought of, and is also somewhat pathetic. Thinking that he will win the childish game of hide and seek he thinks that nothing more wonderful had ever happened to him. His unimportance is confirmed in the final sentence of the story he lay down full length on the damp grass silenced by a terrible sense of his insignificance. In The Red Ball Bolan is portrayed as a somewhat more intelligent, wise individual. He is capable enough to understand that by replying when he is called offensive names by the other children, he will be labelled with those names. He is also able to comprehend more difficult family situations, and shows perception and intelligence when the author writes it was one of those moments when he felt as if he had held his mother in front of him as a sort of shield to save himself from a rain of blows. In conclusion, the presentation of childhood in the two short stories, Games at Twilight and The Red Ball varies. The main characters, when alone, are portrayed as more innocent individuals, whereas when in larger groups, the children seem to be more cruel and hostile. Games at Twilight offers the less favourable impression of children overall, frequently incorporating animalistic images into the story to describe the children.

A Transcendence of Exhaustion? :: Free Essays Online

A Transcendence of Exhaustion? In his article "Power and Weakness", Robert Kagan offers an insightful explanation of recent trends in transatlantic relations. He puts forth a very elegantly systemic explanation for this unraveling, or at least schism, of the West that seems to be taking place under our very noses. And yet for all its apparent clarity, Kagan's underlying argument is a myopic one, a model in need of a corrective lens in order to gain any significant predictive power. Luckily, current events offer an indispensable laboratory for testing some aspects of Kagan's ideas, while even our class' very circumscribed readings in the field equip us to spot major shortcomings of the argument. Kagan posits that a Kantian "perpetual peace" has emerged in Europe in the decade after the Cold War's demise. (211) America, in many ways a Western European nation but in many ways not, has found itself straddling a sort of a boundary between ideologies. (239) On the one hand, it espouses the same liberal values held by the Europeans, of forming economic and diplomatic ties, the establishment of the liberal "separate peace," so to speak. However, even as it speaks these noble words, it finds itself stomping on Panama and Chile, reaching out to slap at Iraq. It is not free from the need to act in the Hobbesian world of anarchy and strife. (211) This fundamental disagreement drives much of the tension over foreign affairs that has arisen between Washington and the European governments in the recent past. (Ibid) It is in offering a historical explanation for this state of affairs that Kagan excels. He dismisses outright the possibility that some abstruse national character might be to blame, pointing out that in many respects Europe and America have recently switched places, and behaviors accordingly, on the world stage. (214) Europe from the time of the Westphalian peace until the World Wars was the bloody realm of machtpolitik, the constant power plays at home and abroad that characterize especially the colonial period. As the locus of power in the Hobbesian sense, the Europeans historically believed in it and wielded it without hesitation. The timid young America, subject to the persecution of hostile European empires for much of its early life, learned accordingly to make use of the weapons of the weak: political and economic diplomacy. (215) However, Europe laid waste to itself in the two World Wars that can rightly be called the climax of machtpolitik, eliminating the concrete basis it once held for world domination.

Phenomenology and Healthier Organismic Self

Exploring the terminology of the word Phenomenology and its etymology, presents me with an overture dating back to a long tradition of philosophical literature. I find it very difficult to try and explain what phenomenology means, because expressing significant ideas of one philosopher, will exclude others, and my choices will contradict the very idea of what phenomenology is beginning to mean for me. Drawing examples from phenomenological theoretical sources, I shall integrate personal experience to support what I understand by the term phenomenology.In brief, I am going to start to explain what I understand about the term Phenomenology by giving answers with references from theoretical sources. I shall, in no particular order along this essay, give examples to support the reason why I think phenomenology is important in Counselling and Psychotherapy. Lastly, I intent to discuss my current ability to understand my own, and another person’s worldview with some examples.The ter m Phenomenology originates from the Greek word phainomenon, meaning appearance, that which shows itself, and, logos meaning science or study. As Hans Cohn puts it, â€Å"the Greek word ‘phenomenon’ is derived from a verb meaning to appear, to come into the light, and ‘logos’, on the other hand, is rooted in a Greek verb meaning ‘to say’. (Cohn, 1997:9-10). To me this suggests, come into light through speech, or enlighten oneself through speech. In simple terms phenomenology is the study of how things appear to be.In order to acknowledge the phenomenon of perception, Edmund Husserl (1859-1938), developed a method from his former teacher’s philosophical intentionality, Franz Brentano (1838-1917) that explains how reality cannot be grasped directly because it is available only through perceptions of reality, which are representations of it in the mind. This is a method that attempts to describe phenomena without prior assumptions, by rejec ting prior beliefs or consciousness about things, events and people.His aim was to find a way to transcend subjectivity and understand phenomenon through experience as the source of conscious knowledge (Dermot Moran, 2002:1-22). He intended by this to suspend or bracket events, to go beyond the usual choices of perception to describe the things as they really are. Husserl’s phenomenological method includes concepts of Noema, ‘the object of our attention, or, blocks of meaning’, Noesis to mean, ‘the experience as it is experienced and the act of consciousness itself, or, process of conferring meaning’, and Bracketing ‘an act of suspending our prejudices and usual interpretations’ (Van Deurzen, 2005: 154).At this stage, these concepts are helping me to frame old acknowledged ‘blocks’ and consciously describe them. It is also helping me to bring to my awareness some of my behaviour patterns, which I was unaware of, or aware in hindsight, but unaware of their reasons. Husserl’s method is ingenious in that it brings to light my ‘perspective dynamics’ (sense of reality, prejudices, family dynamics) and helps me to understand and realise how to locate my blocks. I can now begin to verbalise enigmatic reactions and unveil covert fears, when truth about my character and individual qualities begin to be more approachable and real.I very often have been lost in my own personal history not knowing any other way out of it. ‘This felt like a block in my life loosing touch, feeling alienated within myself and therefore, preventing the self to extend towards other people as fully as I would wish. In my understanding of phenomenology in the above example, my own blocks can prevent me from living in the moment of now. The examples that will follow, there are so many thoughts and emotions distracting me from the moment of now.Learning to make conscious my personal assumptions in the form of noem a, noesis and bracketing, an aspect of phenomenological reduction called Epoche, was to learn how to suspend prejudice, frame a particular behaviour in focus, and examine the way I view things and people. I don’t know if it is possible to translate this process of reduction in all layers of my behaviour. But what I do know, is that this reduction process has taught me to be aware, in a more awake state, of my hidden intentionality and to take responsibility, or better own my thoughts and actions consciously because very often I searched for the blame outside of myself.And the search was not to be found outside, but the understanding of those reactions is to be found deep inside of me. ‘Bracketing is necessary because the phenomenological inquiry is not mere fact-finding, it is the apprehension of intentional acts’ (Van Deurzen, 2005: 154). Husserl’s transcendental Phenomenology hasn’t particularly been followed by his students and former colleagues such as Martin Heidegger (Spinelli, 1989:2-3). A remark from Paul Ricoeur follows ‘that phenomenology is the story of the deviations from Husserl; â€Å"the history of phenomenology is the history of Husserlian heresies† (Moran, 2002:2).I find that Husserl’s at the time controversial scientific opinions allows phenomenological progression. But his findings are a good basis to question what our true values are, to allow us to investigate our potential to be good therapists. Why is the relationship between Phenomenological philosophy, Existential, Person- centred Counselling and Psychotherapy, important in counselling and psychotherapy? I very soon started to comprehend that phenomenology addresses key questions of human experience and that this attempts to examine the process of subjective human nature, without being indoctrinated by some fixed theory.Philosophers have written a great deal about the nature of the self, and it is useful for psychotherapists to refl ect if they are addressing human issues of existence from the right angle or just emphasising one from an infinity of possibilities, or simply if the theory needs progression. One concern that I think relevant to consider is that psychotherapy, particularly existential and person-centred counselling, focus on the promotion of the client’s autonomy (Sanders, 2004). Are the theories open enough to offer that autonomy, or are they in its effort to make sense of a state of mind, limiting its variability?In my opinion, it is essential to have an uncluttered mind which is free from unprejudiced assumptions when approaching psychotherapy and counselling. Existential therapists for example, put more emphasis on the existence, than on the essence through the phenomenological reduction, because they do not wish to suspend existence. Carl Rogers‘s (1902-1987) concept of phenomenology maintains that knowledge of individual perceptions of reality is required for the understanding of the human behaviour, and suggests that we live in accordance with our subjective awareness (Nye, 1992:97).Rogers believed that human beings need the right psychological and environmental conditions to allow the troubled self to change and find a healthier organismic self. ‘Necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change’ (Kirshenbaum & Henderson, 1990:219). There are three core conditions out of the six sufficient conditions: Unconditional Positive Regard (UPR), meaning truly accepting the person as they are with no pre-conceived judgements intruding in the process of the relationship between client and counsellor.Empathy, meaning listening carefully, leaves aside my conditions of worth, and, Congruence, meaning genuine authenticity within the counselling relationship (Hough, 1998:103-104). I found a way to process these conditions through phenomenology. I can see the parallel between person-centred and existential psychotherapy, because for examp le, Rogers’s therapy involves the therapist's entry into the client's unique phenomenological world, without attempting to search for unconscious motives, but rather concentrate on immediate conscious experience and expectations (Sanders, 2004:4).These conditions have to be processed within myself first, before I can attempt to offer them to other people. To me, there was an intellectual and emotional understanding of how to integrate Rogers’ core conditions when with other people, but I was missing the link ‘how’ to do it, because the theory felt all very delicate, non-directive and carved for those who were born with those qualities. I wanted it to be part of my daily make up, but I many times regressed to old habits, and felt I was back to square zero.This is the reason why I think phenomenology is important in counselling and psychotherapy. It is a method that allows us to strip down any masks or shadows we have and work on many of our unprocessed cond itions of worth, for a healthier organismic experiencing. I have been fortunate to find the path to work on my true self, and something definitely happened in my conscious mind caused by the above learning cues. I can honestly describe with some contentment that I am processing my projections successfully with my environmental relationships.The example that follows, describes a significant event that showed me I have brought into light what looked like a projection into my full conscious. Right at the beginning of the academic year, I used to hear one of my colleagues speak, and I used to feel some irritation. I didn’t know the cause. It was only after the third week that I questioned myself the reason why because the symptom persisted. I wrote on my journal: I feel I was quite disrespectful today towards ‘Blue Sky’ when she was speaking in the group experience. (Blue Sky is a pseudonym name.I give all my course group colleagues a pseudonym name to keep their ide ntity protected). I reflected on my interrupting her several times while she was speaking. Interrupting felt intruding because something was not flowing. I like Blue Sky but I have ambivalent feelings towards her. I still don’t know what and why I feel the way I do. She is lovely and warm and welcoming and emotionally intelligent †¦ Today, my tutors introduced philosophy to the group. It is fascinating to be introduced to the question about subjectivity.Our subjective truth is based on our subjective human experience. Is this going to help me to find out about my incognitos? †¦ I don’t want to be lost in my own personal history and yet I do want to know all those parts of me that hurt and why. In learning phenomenology and the wish to get acquainted with those parts of me that remain unclear, provoked some sort of brewing threatening sensation. Nevertheless, over the next few weeks I went through a very painful learning curve. Phenomenology helped me to disc over my irritability about Blue Sky.After class, we took the train together and we were talking fluidly, when all of sudden, that cloudy irritable sensation about her struck back again, and I noticed it affected my congruent and empathic responses towards her. She must have felt it because our conversation fell flat. When she left the train, I knew it wasn’t her doing. I knew I was transferring something berried deep in me. I couldn’t write my journal for the rest of the journey as I usually do, and was suspended over that event that just happened.I went back to that feeling that made me feel that way, and I connected the event. I knew somebody 24 years ago that looked like Blue Sky. I was struck by the physical and verbal similarities and even more surprised how the arms and body expressions are so similar. Why didn’t I see that before? She was my then husband’s ex-girl-friend. It was a very painful experience at the time, because she didn’t seem to be able to forget him, and I could see her pain, and with that she was hurting my relationship with my husband by not wanting to give him up.Linking the irritation about Blue Sky with a totally unconnected old event, is proof that unresolved emotional and psychological experiences impedes reciprocal interaction and communication with another person in the present. For this reason, I was so happy to release Blue Sky out of my perception, and see her for what she really is. On that same week another projection towards one of my tutors was resolved, and when I discovered what it was, I experienced that same relieved sensation. I am now able to see my tutor for whom he is showing to be and not for what I was projecting.To me this is a sign that I am learning to identify my introjects, and not just let the natural attitude react as the victim of my conditions of worth. I feel that I am growing towards my potential, in Rogerian terms called actualising tendency, for a healthier organis mic self (Mearns & Thorne, 1988:11-14). In Gestalt terms this is described as healthy cycle, the drive towards actualisation of the self (Clarkson, 1989:27). Although these projections were resolved, I continued to feel a threatening sensation that there was more to come and I even felt physically sick over a period of two weeks with sleepless symptoms and anxiety.I felt all my toxicities were coming to the surface as a result of this process and told this to the group. All the present negative experiences were mirrored in the way I was articulating myself. The group reacted very strongly when I used the word toxic to describe myself, and said that they didn’t experience me that way. It was with the group process that I realised I was using punitive self-description, such as ‘I am toxic‘, that were introjects from a significant other’s values imposed upon me.I was beginning to believe those descriptions about me, and owning them. My language was showing sel f-condemnation in front of the group, but in truth I was using the group as a healthy pillar, or in Gestalt (form) terms, healthy cycle, to test my organismic experience of failure, and to examine the accuracy of my introjects (Clarkson, 1989:27). What came to the surface was how I feel vulnerable and unsupported at home. This showed me a dysfunction in the boundary disturbance of my private cycle, and a disclosure of my coping mechanisms.By believing the negative description of my significant other, I’m taking in the other person’s projection. I showed therefore a coping mechanism called confluence, which is a merging sense of self with the projection of the other. Patricia Clarkson explains that Fritz Perls saw these coping mechanisms ‘only as neurotic when used chronically and inappropriately ‘†¦ they are useful and healthy when authentically chosen temporarily†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ The other person‘s negative view of me is often things they cannot a cknowledge or accept in themselves.There are other three most important psychological coping mechanisms, out of the seven fixed Gestalts called, introjection, meaning to take in values without questioning them; projection, as explained above, and retroflection meaning inability to externalise emotion, the act of directing a difficult emotion such as anger at oneself rather than at somebody who has provoked the emotion (Clarkson, 1989:42-45). What I have learned from these experiences is how some of my own subjectivities and defences can get in the way of being open to other people.I would be carrying a false-self when offering non-judgemental acceptance, empathic and genuineness towards others, if I haven’t inwardly processed my conditions of worth. This process of dismantling my projections so intensely are absolutely essential in that I am responsible for knowing myself to the fullest of my capacity before I come in serious helping contact with clients. There is a danger of not resolving blocks that can interfere with a therapeutic relationship, in that clients can become the projection of the counsellor.This is why I think phenomenology is important in counselling and psychotherapy, because it helps us to put in practice the process of identifying our troubles and put it aside in order to be able to understand another person’s world view to the fullest of our competency. I do befriending volunteering once a week, and I noticed that my listening skills have improved and that my natural attitude for interpreting is decreasing, leaving room for the client to find meaning in the description of their feelings.I noticed that the quality of the relationship with some of my clients is deepening in that we are allowing more sensitive layers of hurt to surface. Clients on the search of a healthier organismic self will benefit the most from a therapeutic relationship when the counsellor can facilitate deepest understanding for the client’s percept ion of their world. This is only possible, if the counsellor has developed skills to discern about what is the client’s concern and what is the counsellor’s projection.A good relationship can only be built as far as a counsellor’s skills facilitate the client to feel the space is theirs to explore in the present. Irvin Yalom puts beautifully, ‘†¦ a therapist helps a patient not by sifting through the past but by being lovingly present with that person; by being trustworthy, interested; and by believing that their joint activity will ultimately be redemptive and healing’ (Yalom, 1989:227).Just as I thought I have learned a substantial amount of phenomenological theory to expand openness in my thinking process, with the aim to prepare me to understand myself, and then another person’s worldview, I read about Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980). I find Sartre’s concept of nothingness, that human beings are essentially emptiness and that we are constantly creating and reinventing ourselves, mind blowing. The human tragedy is that we aspire to being definite and fixed as objects are’; ‘†¦ human paradox: on the one hand we are nothing definite and, because of this, on the other hand we are able to become many different things†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Sartre would call what I described in the above paragraphs about introjects, ‘bad faith’ as an important human strategy. To be in bad faith is to perform role-plays in the here-and-now to cope with situations (van Deurzen, 1997:45- 48).In conclusion, phenomenology has opened gates to infinite possibilities of thinking consciously, supplying me with more space to understand how to be with other people. It is hardly surprising and I can understand why psychotherapy chooses to draw wisdom from phenomenological philosophy, because there seams to be a flux with no fix point to allow further exploration of the human distinctive many layered qualities. What is special and significant about this Phenomenological movement is its evolving history in search for truth in perceptions and beyond perceptions.My argument that my ability to understand another person’s world view, lies in my ability to comprehend and integrate all of the above discussed theoretical processes in my behaviour. The vignette ‘Blue Sky’ illustrates my present ability to recognise limits in my character and the willingness to change. I have set myself in an un-compromised path to know myself profoundly for both the benefit of my self-development and ultimately for the benefit of my future clients.I can choose the state of my mind and the emotions attached to it, and that therefore, interactions between me and other people will be of an egalitarian and mutual understanding. The examples I gave about my tutor and voluntary placement with clients, illustrate my endeavour to be fully authentic and transparent in all parts of me, including the understanding of relationship’s phenomenon. I could give other examples of how interactions with other people were successful, but they would have not demonstrated the difficulties and the painful metamorphosis I am going through towards the route of understanding myself, and others.

My Successful Friend Idiom Story for ESL Students

Here is a story about a successful friend who has had a fantastic career. Try reading the story one time to  understand the gist  without using the idiom definitions. On your second reading, use the definitions to help you understand the text while learning new idioms. Finally, youll find idiom definitions and a short quiz on some of the expressions at the end of the story.  Ã‚   My Successful Friend My friend Doug has really done well for himself in life. Im very proud of him and all of his achievements! We get together every year or so for a two or three-day hike in Oregon. Its a great time to reflect on how life is going, talk about old times and have new adventures. Let me tell you a little bit about Doug. It was clear from the beginning that he was going places. He did very well in school, and everyone knew he was a smart cookie. Not only were his grades good, but he was also an outstanding athlete, as well as keeping his nose clean. Some accused him of being squeaky clean, but that didnt bother him. He wasnt going to let anyone rain on his parade!   After he graduated from college, he decided to go to New York. As the song goes: If you can make it there, you can make it anywhere! Back in those days, New York was a hotbed of innovation. Doug was a product design specialist and had some great designs on tap. Unfortunately, he didnt immediately succeed. Things werent easy in the beginning, and it took him a while to learn the ins and outs of the Big Apple. In any case, it soon became clear to him that he needed to make some brownie points with his director. He decided he would volunteer to create a presentation for a new product at the companys yearly dog and pony show.   The boss wasnt so sure, but the decision about who would make the presentation wasnt carved in stone. In the end, the manager decided that Doug would do a good job. Doug gladly accepted the challenge and decided to make quite an impression. He wasnt exactly going to reinvent the wheel, but he knew he could improve on past presentations. He felt that giving a great presentation would improve his standing in the company. The day of the presentation arrived, and, no surprise, Doug did an outstanding job. His presentation was informative, and he didnt blow any smoke. Where there were problems, he pointed them out and made suggestions as to how to improve the situation. Long story short, because of his excellent presentation the director realized that he was a genuine article. Doug started taking more and more responsibility at the company. Within three years, he had sealed the deal on the development of two of his best ideas. As they say, the rest is history.   Idioms Used in the Story be on a roll to have one success after another has a string of successes  Big Apple New York New Yorkblow smoke to fake or provide false information in order to gain somethingbrownie points extra goodwill  carved in stone not changeable  dog and pony show a presentation during which a companys best products are showngenuine article real true not fakego places to become successfulhotbed of something an area that is famous for a certain type of industry or successins and outs the details and inside information about a place or situation  keep ones nose clean to not make any illegal or unethical mistakeson tap readyrain on someones parade to criticize the success of someonereinvent the wheel to remake or invent something that already exists  seal the deal to make an agreement sign a contractsmart cookie very intelligent personsqueaky clean without fault not having problems or mistakes Quiz I think were ___________. All of our products are selling very well.This bag looks like its ______________. It doesnt look fake.We ________________ with our partners and start the project in May.The contract isnt ________________. We can still negotiate the details.Work with Anna and shell show you the ____________ of the company.I dont want to _________ your _________, but there are still a few problems.I think shell ______________. Shes very intelligent AND competitive.  I wouldnt believe that. Hes known for ______________.   Quiz Answers on a rollgenuine article  sealed the dealcarved in stoneins and outsrain on your paradego placesblowing smoke